The beautiful landscape around an organic vineyard, with vibrant pink flowers growing over the tiled wall, located in the Maipo valley, around Santiago de Chile.

August 1, 2024

A history of Chilean wine: A journey from Pisco to Carmenere

Interim Travel Design Manager

A walkthrough of this gorgeous country’s best offerings, complete with some SmoothRed recommendations to pique your palate.

Chile, with its dramatic landscapes framed by the Andes and the Pacific Ocean, is a treasure trove of natural beauty and rich cultural traditions. Among its many charms is a history of winemaking that’s as captivating as its scenery.

It’s impossible to experience Chile without learning about its unique background, but most people don’t know the full extent of the role that Chile played in refining the wine industry.

The origins of Chilean wine

The story of Chilean wine begins in the 16th century when Spanish colonisers brought vine cuttings from Europe. These early settlers planted the first vineyards in Chile’s fertile central valleys, sowing the seeds for what would become a flourishing wine industry.

The Spanish influence on Chilean wine was profound, as they introduced viticulture to the region and nurtured the vines that would produce some of the world’s finest wines.

Over the years, the wine industry in Chile evolved through innovation and adaptation. The country’s unique climate and diverse terroir allowed winemakers to experiment with various grape types, creating wines that are distinct and expressive of their origin.

Traditional Chilean Pisco production

Before Chile became famous for its wine, it was renowned for Pisco, a type of brandy made from distilled grapes.

Traditional Chilean Pisco production is an art form perfected over generations. The process starts with the careful selection of Muscat grapes, which are then fermented and distilled to create a spirit that’s aromatic and smooth.

Pisco holds a special place in Chilean culture, often enjoyed as an aperitif or in the classic Pisco Sour cocktail. Pisco production in Chile dates back to the 17th century, making it one of the oldest and most cherished aspects of the nation’s winemaking history.

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Our favourite places to enjoy Pisco in Chile

Most historic: Pisquera Mistral, for historic distillery tours with scenic views and tastings.

The classic choice: Pisquera Altos del Carmen, located in the Elqui Valley, is renowned for its locally grown Muscat grapes and is one of the most famous in Chile.

Oldest distillery: Fundo Los Nichos, to experience traditional production methods in one of the oldest Pisco producers.

Largest menu: Chipe Libre, complete with tasting flights and fusion cuisine.

Authentic experience: La Playa in Valparaíso, a historic bar with a vintage vibe.

Delicious cocktails: Piso Uno in a chic, modern setting.

For the full tour: Pisco Mal Paso in the Limarí Valley for artisanal Pisco production with detailed tours.

The introduction of French varieties

The 19th century brought significant changes to Chilean wine with the introduction of French grape varieties.

Influenced by European trends and driven by a desire to elevate the quality of their wines, Chilean winemakers began planting Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Sauvignon Blanc, among others. This period of transformation saw the birth of unique wine varieties in Chile that would eventually gain international acclaim.

The introduction of these French varieties not only diversified the wine landscape but also set the stage for Chile’s emergence as a major player in the global wine market.

Combining traditional Spanish techniques with the sophistication of French viticulture resulted in wines that were robust and elegant, cementing Chile’s position on the map and capturing the attention of wine lovers worldwide.

The rise and fall of Carmenere

Originally from Bordeaux, Carmenere was thought to be extinct after the phylloxera plague devastated European vineyards in the 19th century. However, in the 1990s, this elusive grape was rediscovered in Chile, where it had been mistaken for Merlot for over a century.

The resurgence of Carmenere in Chile is a story of both luck and skill. Today, Carmenere wine from Chile is celebrated for its deep colour, rich flavour, and smooth tannins.

It’s become a symbol of the country’s winemaking prowess and a key component of Chilean wine culture.

Chilean wine regions

From the sun-drenched valleys of the north to the cool coastal areas in the south, Chile’s wine regions are as varied as they are picturesque.

The Maipo Valley is often referred to as the heart of Chilean wine country. Known for its exceptional Cabernet Sauvignon, this region combines a mild climate with rich soil, producing wines that are full-bodied and complex.

Experience some of the best Chilean wine regions in the Colchagua Valley. This area is renowned for its robust reds, particularly Carmenere and Syrah. The scenic landscapes and historic vineyards make it a must-visit destination for wine enthusiasts.

Further north, the Casablanca Valley offers a cooler climate, ideal for white varieties such as Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc. The crisp, aromatic wines from this region reflect the unique terroir and are perfect for those who appreciate fresh, vibrant flavours.

Although most Chilean wine regions are located in Central Chile, the Bio Bio Valley, further south, is also a top choice. Known for its unique microclimate, Bio Bio Valley produces Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc and is one of the last wine routes heading south in the country.

Malleco Valley is the southernmost wine route in Chile. This region, located in La Araucania and the gateway to Chilean Patagonia, is distinguished by its production of Pinot Noir, Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc. Its breathtaking landscapes, filled with national parks, lakes and volcanoes, offers a great range of activities ranging from wine tasting to rafting and hiking.

Wine tourism in Chile

Any self-respecting Chilean wine tourism guide would be incomplete without mentioning the variety of wine tasting experiences available.

Many vineyards and wineries here offer tours that take guests through the entire winemaking process.

These tours often include tastings of both current releases and older vintages, providing a comprehensive understanding of Chilean wine.

Our favourite wineries in Chile

For an authentic experience: Viña Santa Cruz: Traditional winemaking techniques, guided tours and a cultural museum.

Most historic: Viña Undurraga, founded in 1885, with historic cellars and diverse wine offerings.

Best views: Viña Montes, with stunning vineyard landscapes, modern architecture and premium wines.

Best boutique winery: Viña Matetic, with its organic and biodynamic practices, intimate tours, and gourmet dining.

Most innovative: Viña Vik. Expect cutting-edge technology, avant-garde design and luxury rooms in its suave hotel.

Most sustainable: Viña Emiliana, a leading organic and biodynamic vineyard with a focus on sustainability.

Best family-owned: Viña Errazuriz, running since 1970 with an interesting history and excellent wines.

Most unique terroir: Viña Alcohuaz, in the high-altitude Elqui Valley, offering distinctive wines and breathtaking stargazing experiences.

Best coastal winery: Viña Casas del Bosque, close to the Pacific Ocean, with cool-climate varieties and exceptional seafood pairings.

Best for horseback tours: Viu Manent, in the heart of Colchagua Valley, offering picturesque vineyard rides and a charming restaurant.

Best classic experience: Viña Santa Rita del Valle del Maipo, with its historic estate, beautiful gardens and renowned 120 Dark Cellar.

Historic Chilean wineries

For those interested in the rich history of Chilean wine, visiting historic wineries is a must. Many of these spots date back to the early days of the country’s wine industry and offer a glimpse into the past.

One of our top picks is Santa Rita, founded in 1880. Located in the Maipo Valley, this historic estate offers tours that include visits to the old cellars and tastings of their acclaimed wines.

Another notable winery is Concha y Toro, one of the largest and most famous in Chile. Founded in 1883, Concha y Toro has played a pivotal role in the development of Chilean wine and continues to be a leader in both innovation and quality.

Here at SmoothRed, our expert Travel Designers are on-hand to craft the perfect trip to Chile and beyond. Get in touch today to start planning your dream holiday now.